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VOLT DEFINITION SERIES

So, let's start with voltage and go from there. Ohm starts by describing a unit of resistance that is defined by current and voltage. Georg Ohm was a Bavarian scientist who studied electricity. Components in the circuit allow us to control this charge and use it to do work. A circuit is a closed loop that allows charge to move from one place to another. So, when we talk about these values, we're really describing the movement of charge, and thus, the behavior of electrons.

Resistance is a material's tendency to resist the flow of charge (current).

Current is the rate at which charge is flowing.

Voltage is the difference in charge between two points.

The three basic principles for this tutorial can be explained using electrons, or more specifically, the charge they create: They all operate using the same basic power source: the movement of electrons. Your lightbulb, your stereo, your phone, etc., are all harnessing the movement of the electrons in order to do work. Electrons create charge, which we can harness to do work. The instrument which measures the direct current is known as the DC voltmeter, and the AC voltmeter is used in the AC circuit for alternating voltage measurement.Electricity is the movement of electrons. The digital voltmeter gives the accurate result. The voltmeter which displays the reading in the numeric form is known as the digital voltmeter. The magnitude of the develops torque is directly proportional to the measuring voltage. The deflection of the pointer depends on the torque acting on it. It displays the reading through the pointer which is fixed on the calibrated scale. The analogue voltmeter uses for measuring the AC voltage. The following are the classification of instruments regarding the displays of output reading. And then the DC signal is measured by the PMMC instrument. The rectifier instrument converts the AC quantity into the DC quantity by the help of the rectifier. Such type of instrument is used in AC circuits for voltage measurement. In this type of instruments, the calibration is same both for the AC and DC measurement. The electro-dynamometer voltmeter is used for measuring the voltage of both AC and DC circuit. The moving iron instrument is classified into two types. In this type of instrument, the deflection is directly proportional to the voltage of the coil. This instrument uses for the measurement of both the AC and DC voltage. The MI instrument means moving iron instrument.

VOLT DEFINITION SERIES

The range of the PMMC voltmeter increases by connecting the resistance in series with it. The only disadvantage of the instrument is that it is very costly. The accuracy of the instrument is very high and having low power consumption. The PMMC voltmeter uses for DC measurement. The current induces in the PMMC instrument because of the measurand voltage, and this current deflects the pointer of the meter. It works on the principle that the current carrying conductor placed in the magnetic field and because of the current the force acting on the conductor. On the basis of the construction, the voltmeter is of the following types. The classification of the voltmeter is shown in the figure below.

The voltmeter is classified into three ways. The high resistance of the voltmeter does not allow the current to pass through it and thus the correct reading is obtained. If the voltmeter has low resistance, the current passes through it, and the voltmeter gives the incorrect result.

The voltmeter does not change the current of the measuring device. The voltmeter is constructed with very high internal resistance because it measures the potential difference between the two points of the circuit. Thus, no obstruction occurs in the circuit because of the voltmeter, and the meter gives the correct reading.

And the overall impedance of the system is equal to the impedance that the element had. The high resistance of the voltmeter combines with the impedance of the element across which it is connected. The voltmeter always connects in parallel with the circuit so that the same voltage drop occurs across it. Thus, disturb the reading of the voltmeter. If it connects in series with the circuit, it minimises the current which flows because of the measurand voltage. The voltmeter constructs in such a manner that their internal resistance always remains high. The voltmeter is represented by the alphabet V inside the circle along with the two terminals.